Depression doesn’t always look like sadness. It can show up as exhaustion, irritability, numbness, or losing interest in things you used to love. Here are the signs to watch for, according to the National Institute of Mental Health, and what to do if you recognize yourself.
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Common signs of depression
NIMH describes depression symptoms as lasting most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks. They can include:
- Persistent sad, anxious, or “empty” mood
- Feelings of hopelessness or pessimism
- Irritability, frustration, or restlessness
- Feelings of guilt, worthlessness, or helplessness
- Loss of interest or pleasure in hobbies and activities
- Fatigue or decreased energy
- Difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions
- Sleeping too much or too little
- Changes in appetite or weight
- Aches, pains, or digestive problems without a clear physical cause
- Thoughts of death or suicide
Signs that are easy to miss
- Snapping at people you love more than usual
- Pulling back from friends and making excuses
- Struggling to get through basic tasks, like showering or answering messages
- Working or scrolling nonstop to avoid feelings
- Feeling “flat” rather than sad
Wondering if it’s depression?
Take Online-Therapy.com’s free depression test. A few quick questions — a screening, not a diagnosis.
Take the free depression test →Sponsored link · Cancel anytime · Not an emergency service — in crisis, call or text 988
What to do next
- Take a two-minute PHQ-9 depression test to put words to what you’re feeling.
- Talk to your doctor to rule out physical causes and discuss options.
- Consider therapy — CBT is one of the most studied treatments for depression and can be done online. See best online therapy for depression.
- Tell someone you trust how you’ve been feeling.
Frequently asked questions
How long do symptoms need to last to be depression?
NIMH describes symptoms lasting most of the day, nearly every day, for at least two weeks.
Can depression cause physical symptoms?
Yes. Fatigue, sleep and appetite changes, and aches or digestive problems without a clear cause can all be part of depression.
Is depression treatable?
Yes. Psychotherapy, medication, or a combination are the usual treatments, according to NIMH.
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